Complete ETHERNET, 802 and Related Information

David Woodsmall

Updated 5/11/2008 - Optimized for Firefox 2.0.0.14

COPYRIGHT 1992 thru 2008 - David R. Woodsmall

Feel free to link to any of my pages

FC IP/TCP/VoIP SAN/NAS/SATA SCSI/iSCSI/RAID/SAS QA/Testing

INFO JUMP TABLE

AUTO-NEGOTIATE

Auto-Negotiation An Introduction to Auto-Negotiation Auto-Negotiation tutorial Gigabit Ethernet Auto-Negotiation

CAT 6 ETHERNET CABLE

Catagory 6 Cable - wikipedia

CAT6a (Augmented) - Shielded Ethernet Cable

Ethernet - minimum shielded and unshielded frequency of 500 MHz. CAT6a was developed for 10 Category 6 cable - Wikipedia

CAT 7 - ISO/IEC 11801 Class F Cabling

Ethernet frequencies up to 600 MHz. Category 7 cable - Wikipedia ISO/IEC 11801:2002 RJ-45 connector GG45 connector TERA Connectors

CROSSOVER and other Cable Diagrams

Ethernet crossover cable - Wires 1 and 3 have been transposed, and 2 and 6 have also been transposed. Ethernet (regular) cable is also called a patch cable. Connectors, Pinouts & Wiring Ethernet Crossover Cable - perfectdrivers.com

CSMA/CD

What is CSMA/CD? IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD (ETHERNET) CSMA/CD IEEE-SA Get IEEE 802.3 LAN/MAN CSMA/CD Access Method

EoS - Ethernet over SONET

Ethernet over SONET - RAD Data Comm

ETHERNET, GENERAL INFO - 802.xx

Because Ethernet packets wait to avoid collisions on busy network, actual speeds are often less than half the maximum.

IEEE 802 family of standards

802.1 - Interworking and Link Security. Click for more info Open source implementation of 802.1 802.1p - has been combined into the 1998 revision of the 802.1D MAC-layer bridging specification, and is no longer a separate document. 802.1p/Q - IEEE standard for frame prioritization 802.1Q - IEEE standard for VLAN tagging. To claim compliance with 802.1Q, vendors must implement GVRP. 802.2 - IEEE standard data link protocol. Click for more info 802.3 - IEEE standard known in the vernacular as Ethernet - CSMA/CD. Click for more info 802.3REVam - Maintenance #8 (Revision). Click for more info 802.3a - IEEE standard for 10-Gbps Ethernet 802.3ad - IEEE standard for link aggregation 802.3af - Power over Ethernet (POE) 802.3an - 10GBASE-T Task Force. Click for more info 802.3ap - Backplane Ethernet Task Force. Click for more info 802.3aq - 10GBASE-LRM Task Force. Click for more info 802.3ar - Congestion Management Task Force. Click for more info 802.3as - Frame Expansion Task Force. Click for more info 802.3x - IEEE standard for link-layer flow control using PAUSE frames. 802.3z - IEEE standard for Gibabit Ethernet. 802.4 - Token Ring (disbanded) 802.6 - Metropolitan Area Networks (disbanded). Click for more info 802.8 - Fiber Optic TAG (disbanded). Click for more info 802.9 - isoEthernet (also called ISLAN). Click for more info 802.11 - Wi-Fi networks. Click for more info 802.11a - [Wi-Fi] The 802.11a standard uses the 5 GHz band. Real-world achievable throughput in the mid-20 Mbit/s. Utilizes the 5 GHz frequency with data rates of 54Mbps utilizing OFDM. Click here for more information about 802.11a 802.11ah - Physical Layer 1 standards such as 802.1ah (including G.SHDSL, GigE, EPON), Ethernet 100baseFX, 1000baseSX/LX and legacy xDSL. 802.11b - [Wi-Fi] 802.11b and 802.11g standards use the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band. Using an unregulated frequency, 802.11g equipment can incur interference. maximum raw data rate of 11 Mbps using DSSS. Click for more info 802.11D - Layer 2 standards such as IEEE 802.11D MAC Bridge protocols. 802.11g - 802.11b and 802.11g standards use the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band. Using an unregulated frequency, 802.11g equipment can incur interference. Maximum raw data rate of 54 Mbit/s [OFDM, DSSS], or about 24.7 Mbit/s net throughput. Backwards compatible with 802.11b. Most 802.11a equipment can automatically handle 802.11a and b or a, b and g. Click for more info See also 802.11g - interfacebus.com 802.11h - Transmits at a frequency of 5GHz with data rates of 100Mbps. Compatible with 802.11b and 802.11g - can use the same network. 802.11i - The purpose of 802.11i is to enhance the current 802.11 MAC to provide improvements in security. Status of 802.11i WPA2 802.11i AES Core - IPcores 802.11n - throttles WLAN throughput. 802.11.n seems to not be capable of broadcasting even compressed HD in a reliable manner (Home Theater Magazine). 802.11n can utilize either the 2.4GHz or 5GHz band, at a rate of 540Mbps, by utilizing MIMO antennas. The finaal 802.11n spec should be finalized in the Fall of 2008. (Home Theater Magazine) The real-world throughput ie expected to be at least 100 Mbit/s. MIMO has become an 802.11 standard, and will be used with 802.11n equipment. See also 802.11n - interfacebus.com Click for more info Bandwidth calculator: 802.11n WiFi [Wireless Ethernet] EV-DO Set to Wack Wi-Fi? Overview of the competing 802.11 wireless standards See also: Ultra-Wideband (UWB) See also: WireFreeHD See also: WirelessHD - WiHD See also: Wireless High definition Interface (WHDI) 802.11P - VLAN protocol. 802.11Q - VLAN protocol. 802.12 - demand priority 802.14 - Cable Modems (disbanded) 802.15 - Wireless PAN. Click for more info 802.16 - WiMax - Broadband wireless access. Click for more info 802.16d - 802.16-2004 Fixed WiMax (ratified June, 2004) 802.16e - Mobile WiMax (not yet ratified - 8/2005) - should ship in 2007 802.17 - Resilient packet ring 802.20 - supports Mobile Broadband Wireless Access 802.21 - Media Independent Handoff. Click for more info 802.22 - Wireless Regional Area Network. Click for more info

BEGINNER's ETHERNET INTRODUCTION / TUTORIALS

Ethernet Tutorials and Resources Ethernet network technology page

IEEE 802.11 standard modified for Japan Ethernet -- IEEE 802.3 Information Charles Spurgeon's Ethernet Web Site Ethernet - Cisco ** Ethernet FAQ - comp.dcom.lans.ethernet Ethernet MAC Layer Ethernet - Webopedia How Ethernet Works 802.2 - LLC - Logical Link Control Ethertype values Service Access Point (SAP) identifiers IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD (ETHERNET) 802.4 - (token passing) Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP) IEEE Standard 802.4 Industrial Ethernet Book Linux Ethernet-Howto Measured Capacity of an Ethernet Network Optical Ethernet Com TechFest Ethernet Technical Summary Charles Spurgeon's Ethernet Web Site more Ethernet Info 10Base2 10Base5 10BaseT 100BaseFX 100BaseT 100Base4T 100BaseTX 100BaseX 100VG See also ETHERNET BOOKS (search for "ethernet")

ETHERNET CODES

Ethernet Codes master page Ethernet Vendor Codes (MAC addresses) Ether Type - IEEE Standard See also ETHERNET BOOKS (search for "ethernet")

ETHERNET TROUBLESHOOTING

Tips on Troubleshooting Ethernet Errors

10 Gigabit Ethernet (based on 802.3ae)

10 Gigabit Ethernet Links 10 Gigabit Ethernet - nationmaster 10-gigabit Ethernet - Wikipedia SAN over 10G ip

Fast Ethernet - 100 Mbps - IEEE 802.3u

Requires at least Catagory 5 ("CAT 5") or better Fast Ethernet - WildPackets Dan Kegel's Fast Ethernet Page (15 Apr 97) - oldish

Gigabit Ethernet - 1000 Mbps (follows 802.3ae standard)

Requires media such as Fibre Optics Introduction to Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet - WildPackets 1000 Mbps�Gigabit Ethernet - Cisco 1000BASE-T - 1 Gbit/s over cat-5e or cat-6 copper cabling Gigabit-Ethernet (1000baseT) 1000BASE-SX - 1 Gbit/s over multi-mode fiber (up to 550 m) 1000BASE-LX - 1 Gbit/s over multi-mode fiber (up to 550 m). Optimized for longer distances (up to 10 km) over single-mode fiber 1000BASE-CX - A short-haul solution (up to 25 m) for running 1 Gbit/s Ethernet over special copper cable. Predates 1000BASE-T, and now obsolete-

Ethernet News

Ethernet Inventor Sees No Limits To The Technology 802.11n throttles up WLAN throughput N+I: Cisco to launch 10 Gigabit Ethernet

ETHEREAL (now called Wireshark)

http://www.linux.com/articles/54968WIRESHARK is the new name for ETHEREAL The original Ethereal web site, Trademark & Logo, www.etherreal.com, belong to NIS. Wireshark is located at www.wireshark.org Wireshark FAQ Ethereal - Software Sniffer Ethereal User's Guide Designing Ethereal Filters Ethereal: Re: [Ethereal-users] How to use Tethereal to decode SIP ... Ethereal FAQ

EtherTypes

802.2 HEADERS

Ethernet Headers

ISO/IEC-11801:2002

ISO/IEC 11801:2002 - wikipedia

isoEthernet - 802.9

Dave Hawley's isoEthernet (802.9) Page isoEthernet - Linktionary THE IEEE 802.9 INTEGRATED SERVICES LOCAL AREA NETWORK STANDARD Isochronous LAN standard brings real-time video collaboration to the desktop

GG45 Ethernet Connector

MAC Address

unique 48-bit Ethernet hardware address assigned to each Ethernet card (NIC) so that they can be differentiated from each other - thus allowing networks to allow or dis-allow connections based on the MAC address.

Power over Ethernet - POE - also called Active Ethernet

POE Plus

A Look at POE Plus

RJ45

Connector Reference & Pin Numbering * RJ45 - wordiq Pinouts for RJ45 jacks (Serial and 10Base-T) RJ45 - Serial - Wiring RJ-45 connector How to wire Ethernet Cables
Ethernet Crossover Cable - DIY How-to Guide ethernet crossover cable diagram and functionality Ethernet Cable: Color Coding Standard Unix (SUN) Serial Port Resources
Cable Pin Assignment Chan's Pinouts Page IBM DB-25 and DB-9 numbering scheme. (Pin numbers) IBM Serial port Pin Descriptions (Wire name) for each pin number. Serial PinOuts Serial Pinouts * Serial Pinouts Unix Serial Port Resources Pinouts for other common types of cable RS232 Pinouts - Connectworld

TERA Ethernet Connector

TERA Connectors

802.11 MAC Headers

REFERENCE BOOKS

A subset of My Recommended Technical Books (click here)

Gast, Matthew S. 802.11 Wireless Networks O'reilly $45 0-596-00183-5 Held, Gilbert Ethernet Networks Wiley 33 0-471-59717-1 Orebaugh, Angela D. et al Ethereal Packet Sniffing w/CD Spurgeon, Charles E. Ethernet: the Definitive Guide O'Reilly $45 1-56592-660-9 Stallings, William Network Standards: a Guide to OSI,ISDN, LAN and MAN Standards. [X.25, Frame Relay, Broadband ISDN, ATM, SONET/SDH ISO 8802] [IEEE 802, CSMA/CD, FDDI, MANs, DS3] AW 56357 54 0-201-56357-6

OTHER ETHERNET RESOURCES

802.11 - Nationmaster Ethernet - Nationmaster Ethernet / Internet / Networking / TCP/IP / VoIP