ATP Pattern

Whether you are talking about problem-solving, critical thinking, formal argumentation, decision-making, the scientific method, or any other form of reasoned discourse, there are four steps in the analytic thinking process. (For a mnemonic, think of how to P-O-S-E a problem.)

Problem Definition

Solutions: Listing / Measuring / Selecting

Evaluation

The first step is to define exactly what the problem is. Examine thoroughly the underlying causes. Probe the problem from all possible perspectives. Investigate the history of the situation. Make sure you analyze the root problem. Look at the effects. Document the extent of the problem.

Before you can think about solutions or alternative courses of action, you must know what it is you want to achieve. What are your objectives? What is it you want a solution to accomplish? How will you know if you have succeeded with your solution? By what criteria will you measure your solution?

This process involves several specific sub-steps:

1. List all possible solutions to be considered.

2. Measure each solution against each criterion, to predict to what extent each solution might work.

3. Select the best solution (or combination of solutions).

4. Implement the solution(s).

Finally, you must evaluate your implemented solution. The problem-solving process is not complete until you have determined whether or not you made the right decision. You do this by simply asking the question, Did the solution meet the criteria?

These four steps--in one configuration or another--must be followed in any rational, critical, decision- making model: Know what the problem is that you are facing. Understand what you want the outcome to be. Consider all possible alternatives; then choose the one that looks like it will best achieve your objectives. And, ask yourself if it worked; if not, what do you need to modify?